Rivet



Oct. 6, 1.942. H, 1 EKLUND Y 2,298,203 RIVET Filed Aprile, 1941 F" ,a/ l0 n j/r4n7gd/j0. 6 y Y f 54 14 v 54 21 22 1f 55 .1514 25 26 z5 22 20 ,e1 52 2 :E i I I 51 I lv-ILT 52 y 2,?

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Patented Oct. 6, 1942 ENT OFFICE mvE'r Howard J. Eklund, Chicago, Ill., assigner to Rolyan Corporation, Chicago, Ill., a corporation o f Illinois Application April 2, 1941, SerialkNo. 386,397

8 Claims.

The invention relates generally to rivets and more particularly tothe'ty'pe of rivet which may be set in the parts being riveted where such parts are accessible at only one side.'

The general object of the invention is to pro--V vide a novel rivet of the foregoing 'type comprising a plurality of parts which are locked together as an incident to setting the rivet, the parts being so constructed as to require a minimum shift ofthe metal to effect suchA locking.

More specifically, it is an object to provide a novel rivet of the type set forth, which comprises a tubular member and a pin provided with grooves for receiving metal upset from the tubular member, and in which the tubular member is provided with a portion so located and shaped as to reduce to a minimum the amount of metal shifted in the upsetting operation and the effort required to cause such upsetting.

Another object is to provide a novel rivet of the type set forth, which avoids the necessity of excessively large forces to set and to lock the parts thereof together.

A further object is to provide anovel rivet of the type set forth, which is adapted to be set and locked by a pulling operation of only mod- Y crate force. ,Y

It is also an object to provide a novel rivet of the type set forth which comprises a tubular member enclosing a pin, and a ring adapted to be expanded over the tubular member by'forcesy applied to the pin and tubular member at the opposite side of the structure being. riveted, .the

forces being directed solely Aaxially ofthe parts l to avoid placing any torque on the parts against which they must be held, whereby the tublular member may be provided with a head of rounded form such, for example, as is used on an ordinary rivet, in place of a form such as square or hexagonal.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which: l n i Figure 1 is a view partially in section showing a rivet embodying the features of the invention, with the rivet placed in the structure t'o be riveted preparatory to performing the riveting operation.

- Fig. 2 isV a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing the rivet after it has been set and the parts thereof locked.

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing a somewhat different type of'rivet.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig.. 3 but showing 55 the rivet after it has'been set and thel parts thereof locked.

As mentioned above, a'rivet embodying the featuresV of the invention is of the type which may be inserted in the structure that is to be rivetedv from one side thereof, and the rivet set by an operation performed at said one side only. Thus vthe rivet is particularly desirable for use on such structures as tanks or other enclosures i whereronly one side of the structure is readily accessible: c

The rivet is designed so that a minimum force is employed to effect setting of the rivet in the structure and "to cause the parts lof the rivet to be interlocked. Therivet is also designed so that at the side ofthe structure which is accessible, the rivet will have"substantial1y the same appearance as an ordinary rivet, that is, the

such asy button head or countersunk.

The rivet in its preferred form comprises, genf ferally, a tubular member adapted to be inserted into the structure to be Y riveted from one side thereof, the tubular member extending beyond the opposite or inaccessible side, Enclosed within theftubular member is a pin extending beyond the tubular member at the inaccessible side of the structure and provided with a head thereon Interposed between said head and tubular member is` a ring which is adapted to be expanded over the tubular member and to abut against the structure, thus holding the rivet set. At the front or accessible side of the structure, the tubular member is provided with a head, and the tubular member and pin are forced into interlocking relation vwith each other so that when the rivet is set, not only are the tubular member and pin rigidly held together but they are also rigidly held in the structure. To effect the interlocking relation betweenthe pin and tubular member, the former is provided with recesses within the head of the tubular member to receive metal upset 4from said head. ,l

To minimize the force required for the upsetting yof lsuch metal, I provide excess metal on the head of the tubular member in the form. of a collar surrounding the pin so that the force applied to the tubular member, in order to effect the upsetting, is exerted on the collar. force causes the metal of the collar to be forced into the head proper and thus displaces metal from the head causing it to be upset into intere locking relation `with the pin. By means of such structure, the bulk of the metal in the headis left undisturbed so that a minimum of force is Such Yrequired to effect the interlocking relationship.

shortened suiiiciently to locate its end iiush with the head I3 of the tubular member when the in the drawing, the rivet must be inserted into the plates I from the right side thereof and the setting operation performed entirely at said side.

The rivet shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is shaped to present substantially the appearance yof a standard countersunk rivet. Thus there is an aperture II through the plates to receive the rivet, and this aperture is countersunk as at I2 to receive the head of the rivet. As disclosed in these two gures, the rivet comprises a tubular member having a countersunk head I3 and a substantially straight cylindrical portion I4 extending through the aperture II. The cylindrical portion I4 of the tubular member extends beyond the opposite face of the plates and is provided with a tapered end I5.

Enclosed within the tubular member is pin 20, the shank of which extends beyond 'the tubular member at both ends'thereof. At the inner or inaccessible side of plates I0, the pin is provided with a head 2| which is of not greater diameter than the diameter of the cylindrical portion I4 of the tubular memberso that the head of the pin may readily pass through the aperture II in the plates.

'I'he structure which holds the rivet in place rivet is set. Thus, a groove 30 is provided in the pin so that the extending portion of the pin may be detached from that portion of the pin remaining in the tubular member after the setting operation hastaken place. With the groove 30, the extending end of the pin which has the grooves may be either broken or sawed on leaving a surface 3l (see Fig. 2) substantially flush with the head I3 of the tubular member.

The tubular member and pin are also shaped so that they are interlocked to each other upon completion of the setting operation not only to retain the tubular member within the plates but also so that tension set up in the parts will be retained therein to hold all parts rigidly in place. To this end the pin is recessed in that part which is'located adjacent the head of the tubular member after the setting operation has taken place,

. the recessed portion of the pin being adapted to comprises a ring 22 which, prior to setting, is n generally cylindrical in form yand preferably of the same outside diameter as the diameter of the cylindrical portion Il of the tubular member and the head 2l of the pin. The ring 22 is provided with an internally tapered surface 23 abutting the tapered end portion I5 of the tubular member. The other end of the ring 22 hasits outer corner beveled as at 24 so that that end of the ring bears against the head 2I at a point closely adjacent the shank portion of the pin 20.

The rivet is adapted to be set by moving the pinl 20 axially through the tubular member and toward the front or accessible face of the plates I0. By virtue of such movement of the pin, the tapered abutting surfaces of the ring and tubular member cause the ring to be expanded into the form shown in Fig.` 2 so that the ring is spread to a greater diameter than the aperture Il in the plates II) and is brought into abutment with' the rear` face thereof. Thus the'ring and pin are set by being held against movement back through the plates l0.

The pin 2li is adapted to be moved axially preferably by a force exerted on the front or projecting end thereof, which force is an axially directed pull. Such force avoids placing any torque either on the pin or on the tubular member so that the head I3'may be of generally rounded form instead of a form such as hexagonal or square. To this end, the front or projecting end of the pin is provided with a series of annular grooves 25 providing a plurality of rearwardly facing shoulders 25. To exert the pull on the pin, a gripping device (not shown)k is provided which interts with the grooves 25. By the same operation, the tubular member is held against movement by the reactionary force arising as an incident to the pulling operation. Thus the pin may be moved axially while the tubular member is held in place so that the ring 22 will be expanded as above described.y

The pin `20 is constructed so that it may be receive metal upset from the head of the tubular member to rigidly lock the two together. Thus I provide a plurality of grooves 32 adjacent the groove 30 so that they are located within the head I3 of the tubular member when the 'rivet is set as shown in Fig. 2.

Metal fromthevhead I3 is adapted to be upset into the grooves 32 after the ring 22 has been expanded to set the rivet. If the head I3 were of substantially tlie same shape before such upsetting 'operation as after the upsetting operation, the whole head I3 would have to be upset, that is, the metal throughout the head would have to be disturbed in order to provide metal to ll the grooves 32. Obviously to disturb the metal throughout the head I3 would require considerable force. To avoid having to exert a force sufcient to reform the entire head of the tubular member, I provide excess metal extending from the head I3 and so located as to readily supplant the metal forced into the grooves 32. Thus this excess metal isforced back into the head causing the metal closely adjacent the grooves 32 to be forced therein, thereby avoiding the necessity kof disturbing the major portion of the metal in the head I3. l

In the preferred form, the excess metal ls provided by a collar 33 integral with the head I3 and extending therefrom closely adjacent the pin 2l. The quantity of metal in the collar I3 is substantially equal to the amount of metal required to illl the grooves 32 in the pin. In exerting a pulling force on the pin 20, the reactionary force thereby set up is applied to the collar 33 by an anvil or the like (not shown). tion of setting and locking the rivet, less force is required to expand the ring 22 than is required to upset the collar 33. When a pull is exerted on the pin 20, the ring 22 is first expanded until it is forced into the position as shown in Fig. 2. Thereafter the tension exerted on the pin 2l causes a reactionary force against the collar 33 of suiiicient magnitude to cause the metal of the rcollar to be forced into the head I3. Since the In the operamate shape of theV headV I3 is thatl 34 lies abovev or beyond the face `of the plat'es I0, the length of the pin between its head 2| and the point 3| at which `it isrbroken or sawedy is 'longer and the grooves 32 in this instance are located within the thickness ofthe head V3l but beyond the front face'oi the plates Il). The collar 33 extends from the outer face ofthe head 34 but is utilized'in the same manner as thecoilar shown in Figs; 1 and 2'. Thus'the head'34,after the setting and locking operation is completed, has substantially the form of a button head rivet of standard construction.

From the foregoing'description it will be apparent that I have provided a novel rivet ofthe type that may be inserted and set from one side 2,298,203 Y 'ofY the usual i customary -button 'head form. Since the head i provided lat one sideofthe structure with means'.

of the structure to be riveted, which rivet coml prises a plurality of'parts locked together as an incident' to the setting of the rivet. lSuch-setting and locking of the parts requires a minimum shift of the metal, thereby minimizing the forces to effect such setting and locking. In other words, I have provided a novel rivet of the type set forthlin which the tubular member is provided With an integralportion adapted to sup-Y plant the metal which is forced into locking rela.- tion with the pin so that a major portion of the tubular member is left undisturbed and consequently a minimum force is required. It will also be apparent that I have provided a novel rivet of this type which is adapted to be locked and set by a pulling operation of only moderate force.

ed tolbe upset into the'tubuiar member to force metal into the recessed portion of the pin ,with a minimum shifting of the metal of the tubular membenf v, Y. f y Y Y 3. A rivet comprising, in combination, a tubular'member adapted to extendthrough thel structure to be riveted, a pin extending throughV Y said member, said member and said pin being for, setting theirivetrwhen the pin is vmoved toward theother side and a force is appliedV to the tubular fmember at the other side, said pinV being provided with a portion adjacent said other sideA to receive metal upset from the tubular member, to lock said pin and membervtogether, said tubular member having anintegral extension at said other sideadjacent the pin and adapted to be upset into the tubular member proper to force metal into said portion of the pin with' a minimum shifting of the metal of the tubular member. Y

4. A rivet comprising, in combination, a tubular member having' a head adapted to abut one side of the structure to be riveted, said tubular member extending through said structure, al pin extending through said tubular member, said member and said pin being provided-at the other side of the structure with means for set- The pulling operation exerts no torque on either v the pin or the tubular member so that the head of the tubular member need not be made in such out-of-round form that it may be held against rotation, but may be of generally roundedform, such, for example, as is usedon an ordinary rivet.

I claim as my invention:

1. A rivet comprising, in combination, a'tubular member adapted to extend through the struc,- ture to be riveted, a pin extendingthrough said member and having a head on one end located beyond the tubular member,a ring mounted on said pin between Ysaid head and said tubular member and adapted to be expanded over'the adjacent end of the tubular member when the pin' is pulled to set the rivet, said pin having a recessed portion adjacent the other end of the tubular member, and a collar integral with said other end of the tubular member and closely surrounding said pin, said collar being adapted to be upset into said tubular member by the reactionary force arising upon setting o f the rivet and thereby forcing metal into the recessed portion of the pin in interlocking relation without materially altering the shape ofthe tubular member whereby a minimum of force is required to eect such interlocking relation.

2. A rivet comprising, in combination, a tubular member adapted to extend through the stmorelative to the tubular member, said pin being provided with a portion adjacent said one side to receive metal upset from' the head of the tubular member to lock said pin and member to-y gether, said head having an integral collar surrounding the pin and adapted to be umet into said head to force metal into said portion of the pin with a minimum shifting of the metal of the head.

5. A rivet comprising, in combination,V a tubular member and a pin extending therethrough adapted to be inserted'into the structure to be riveted fromone side thereof, and provided with means at the other side of said structure for setting the rivet by forces appued to the tubuiar member and pin atsaid one side of the .struc-V ture, said pin being provided with a recessed portion adjacent said one side to receive metal Y upset from the tubular member to lock` said pin and member together afterthe rivet is set, said tubular member having an integral extension at said one side closely adjacent the pin and adapted to be upset into the tubular memture to be riveted, apin extending through said vmember, said member andsaid pin being providpin being provided with a recessed portion adjacent said other side, and said tubular member ber proper to force metalinto said recessed portion of the pin with a minimum shifting of theV Y metal of the tubular member. Y

6.A rivet comprising, in combination, a tubular member and a pin extending therethrough adapted to be inserted into the structure to be riveted from one side thereof, and provided with means at the otherl side of Vsaid structure for setting the rivet by force applied to the tubular member and pin at said one side oi the structure, said pin being provided with a peripherally recessed portion adjacent said one side to receive metal upset from theV adjacent portion of thetubular member to lock said pin and member together, said tubular memberhaving an integral collar extending beyond said'adjacent portion and adapted to be upset into the tubular member proper to force the metal of Asaid adjacent portion into the recessed portion of the pin without disturbing the major part of the metal of the tubular member. Y

` 7. A rivet comprising, in combination, a tuhaving an integral collar at said other side'adapt- 75 bular memberv and a pin extending therethrough riveted from one side thereof, and provided with means at the otherv side of said structure fior setting the rivet by f orce applied to the tubular member Yand pin at said one siderof the struc-f ture, said pin beingshaped'adjacent said one side to interlock with metal upset from the adf jacent portion of the tubular 'membeig saidtu'- bular, member having an `integrall extension Vadjacent the portionio be upset and 'adaptedl to be upset into the tubular member proper to force y adapted to be inserted into the structure to be f pin'extending through the tubular member, said the metal 'of said adjacent portion into inter-V locking relationvwith the pin without disturbing the major' Yparl;y of the metal fo'f the tubular member. *l

8.'A rivet comprising, in combination-atubularmember having a head'adapted tolabut one side of the structure to beriveted, 'and a member and pin being adapted to be inserted into the structure from said one side and being providedvwith means at the other side ofsaid structure for setting thev rivet by forces applied to @the tubular member and pin at said one side of the. structrje, said pin being providediwith a.b

lzulurality oi'a'nnularrgroves Alocated within the thickness of said head `when therrivet is set, said headlhaving a ycollar surroundingI the pin land extending beyond the head, said collar being adapted to be upset into the head and thereby cause ai flow of metal from the head intovthe groovesf into finteriockin'g-V relation y,therewith Wheebya major portion of thehead is left undisturbed .by vthe Aupsetting operation.

` HOWARD J. 

